Depending on the position and scope of their duties, medical writers are involved in communicating scientific and clinical data to many audiences, from doctors and nurses to insurance adjusters and patients. They work in a variety of formats, including traditional print publications to electronic publications, multimedia presentations, videos, podcasts, website content, and social media sites.
Other resources include a number of recommended books on medical writing, listed in the "Medical Writer Resources" section below.
Right now, there is tremendous growth in the medical industry. Pharmaceutical companies are developing drugs more quickly, and new medical devices and diagnostic tools are being released every day. With this comes the increased need to meet regulatory and insurance requirements and relay medical and consumer information. All of this results in greater opportunities for medical writers and communicators.
Medical writers often work with doctors, scientists, and other subject matter experts (SMEs) to create documents that describe research results, product use, and other medical information. They also ensure that documents comply with regulatory, publication, or other guidelines in terms of content, format, and structure.
What Do Medical Writers Write?
For each of these audiences, the language, documents, and deliverables are distinct.
- Disease management
- Continuing education and training
- Medical reference and information‑gathering
- Practice management and monitoring
Although there are plenty of opportunities in medical communication, it is important to recognize that it can be a difficult field to break into. Networking is a crucial part of gaining success as a medical writer.
Ruano J, Aguilar-Luque M, Isla-Tejera B, Alcalde-Mellado P, Gay-Mimbrera J, Hernandez-Romero JL, et al. Relationships between abstract features and methodological quality explained variations of social media activity derived from systematic reviews about psoriasis interventions. J Clin Epidemiol. 2018
Cook DA, Bordage G. Twelve tips on writing abstracts and titles: How to get people to use and cite your work. Med Teach. 2016
[No author listed]. Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals (ICMJE recommendations). Article types and preparation. 2019, [cited 2020 January 5]. Available from: http://www.icmje.org.
Fisher WE. Abstract writing. J Surg Res. 2005
10. Conclusion
The answer to the question should be supported by data and must not go beyond the data presented (4). In this section, the authors need to state whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected based on the data presented (4). The conclusions should be straightforward, brief, and specific to the study findings/observations (24). If word limit permits, the conclusion may begin with an opening statement such as “Our study showed …” or “Our results indicated…”. New and important aspects of the study or observations need to be emphasized (23). The answer should not be just a restatement of the results and no data should be presented here (4). To answer the question, use the same key-terms, point of view, and verb as in the question (17).
An abstract is a self-contained, short, powerful statement that describes a larger body of work. It may be incorporated as part of a published paper, book, grant proposal, thesis, research report, or a conference paper. An abstract of a scientific paper will be published online independently, so it should make sense when it is read alone. An abstract of a hypothesis-testing paper consists of at least four key elements, as follows: (1) study question/hypothesis/aim, (2) experiments/material and methods, (3) results, and (4) response to the question/conclusion(s). The abstract usually begins with a background and may end in applications, recommendations, implications, or speculations. The abstract is one of the many features of a manuscript that competes for the readers’ attention
Zahra Bahadoran 1 , Parvin Mirmiran 2 , Khosrow Kashfi 3 , Asghar Ghasemi 4 , *
An abstract has three main functions: (1) provides a summary of the paper, (2) “sells” the paper to the editors, reviewers, and potential readers, and (3) helps with the indexing of the paper, making it retrieval by various search engines. As its name suggests, an abstract selects or pulls out the highlights from each section of the paper (17). The abstract provides a clear summary of the main story for the readers (17) and helps them to understand the main arguments of the paper quite quickly (18). An abstract generally answers at least three critical questions including “Why this study was carried out?”, “What did the authors do and how?”, and “What was the main result and what was new compared to previous works?” (19).
Alspach JG. Writing for publication 101: Why the abstract is so important. Crit Care Nurse. 2017
The traditional form of an abstract first appeared in medical journals in the late 1950s as a descriptive paragraph at the beginning of the paper and then it became more popular (3, 6, 7). The Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) was one of the early pioneers of this practice in the early 1960s. The journal editors believed that readers did not have enough time and interest to read every paper
Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Zadeh-Vakili A, Hosseinpanah F, Ghasemi A. The principles of biomedical scientific writing: Results. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2019
An abstract is a self-contained, short, powerful statement that describes a larger body of work. It may be incorporated as part of a published paper, book, grant proposal, thesis, research report, or a conference paper. An abstract of a scientific paper will be published online independently, so it should make sense when it is read alone. An abstract of a hypothesis-testing paper consists of at least four key elements, as follows: (1) study question/hypothesis/aim, (2) experiments/material and methods, (3) results, and (4) response to the question/conclusion(s). The abstract usually begins with a background and may end in applications, recommendations, implications, or speculations. The abstract is one of the many features of a manuscript that competes for the readers’ attention
4. Organization of the Abstract
How to Cite: Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. The Principles of Biomedical Scientific Writing: Abstract and Keywords, Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2020
Following our previous reports on how to write the Introduction (12), Material and Methods (13), Results (14), Discussion (15), and Title (16) of a hypothesis-testing paper, here, we provide a practical guide into writing an abstract. An overview is presented on the function, content, and organization of the abstract in a hypothesis-testing paper.
Ripple AM, Mork JG, Rozier JM, Knecht LS. Structured abstracts in medline: Twenty-five years later. National Lib Med. 2012.
An abstract has three main functions: (1) provides a summary of the paper, (2) “sells” the paper to the editors, reviewers, and potential readers, and (3) helps with the indexing of the paper, making it retrieval by various search engines. As its name suggests, an abstract selects or pulls out the highlights from each section of the paper (17). The abstract provides a clear summary of the main story for the readers (17) and helps them to understand the main arguments of the paper quite quickly (18). An abstract generally answers at least three critical questions including “Why this study was carried out?”, “What did the authors do and how?”, and “What was the main result and what was new compared to previous works?” (19).
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We have discussed several elements of research papers through examples.
Do you spend time staring at the screen and thinking about how to approach a monstrous research paper?
Read the purpose of the theoretical framework before following it in the research paper.
Detailed, high-quality, and credible sources and samples are a must to be shared here.
College Research Paper Example
Continue with the guide to investigate the mysterious nature of different types of research through examples.
Research papers are no less than a curse for high school and college students.
- Philosophical view
- Conceptual Analysis
- Benefits of the Research
The vital feature of scientific research writing is clarity. It is the job of the writer to convey the information in such a way that the reader will understand the information without being burdened with so much detail and unnecessary language. Science is data based, therefore scientific writing deals with the expression of data, its interpretations as well as the knowledge you intend to pass across. According to Quintilian (100 AD), clear writing is writing that is incapable of being misunderstood.
This section presents the details of how the study was conducted. It helps the reader to understand what was actually done and whether the appropriate approach was used to answer the question. It should also be clear enough that others could replicate your methods if needed. The three major components that need to be clear in the methods include
There is no standard prescribed structure for this section but there are some general guidelines that can be followed. Firstly, it is important to state the answer to the research question at the beginning of this section. This is usually the most important finding of the study and placing it in this prominent position draws the attention of the reader. Secondly, after providing the answer to the research question at the beginning of this section, it is also necessary to provide supporting evidence for the answer. After presenting these important points, you the remaining paragraphs of this section can be organized according to the logic of the study from the most important to the least important finding. Finally, after reviewing all the necessary information, you need to provide a conclusion to the story. A summary paragraph could be used at the end of the discussion that allows the writer to repeat the answer of the study.
Most scientific papers follow the IMRaD format (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion), though not all scientific research papers follow this format, for instance, case studies, review articles, and critical thinking papers will use a different set of formats depending on the type of information being communicated. We shall focus on the IMRaD format which is majorly used for scientific papers.
STRUCTURE OF A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PAPER
Effective presentations have a positive and favourable impact on a wide range of audiences ranging from those in a specific field of interest or in related fields, the media, potential funders as well as others who might find your work interesting or useful.
The right structure to use in an introduction format is the funnel structure. Just like a funnel, at the beginning of your introduction, you will start with a statement that places your research and message in a broader context after which you then work towards your question. Accordingly, you naturally start with what is known followed by what the unknown and finally, the topic of your research. Finally, you should end the introduction with the question or the methods used to answer those question. It is of utmost importance that your question flows naturally from the material that is presented in the introduction. Inconsistencies will get the reader confused. It is also important to state the question clearly since the rest of the paper depends on it.
Presentations are an important part of sharing your work and attaining recognition in the larger scientific community. The ability to effectively deliver quality presentations can boost career success. However, rather than engaging audiences and conveying enthusiasm, many presentations are characterized by pitfalls. Such pitfalls include monotonous delivery, overly complicated content and concentrating on the information you want to pass across rather than what the audience is interested in.